Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 7 de 7
Filter
Add filters








Year range
1.
Rev. medica electron ; 44(5): 892-902, sept.-oct. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1409775

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN La muerte súbita inesperada en epilepsia, se define como la muerte repentina -presenciada o no- de personas con epilepsia, no traumática ni por ahogamiento, con o sin evidencias de crisis, y en quienes el examen postmorten no revela una causa estructural o toxicológica de muerte. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir las evidencias más recientes, publicadas en la literatura, sobre la participación crucial del tallo encefálico en la fisiopatología de la muerte súbita inesperada en epilepsia. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en la base de datos computarizada PubMed. Los estudios en modelos animales han demostrado que los mecanismos de la muerte súbita inesperada en epilepsia involucran un primer evento mediado por una crisis, seguido por la despolarización cortical, que se propaga al tallo encefálico y que resulta en una disfunción autonómica causante de apnea central, edema pulmonar o arritmia cardiaca. Los estudios en humanos se han apoyado en las imágenes de resonancia magnética para evaluar el papel de diferentes áreas del tallo encefálico en la muerte súbita inesperada en epilepsia. Las evidencias acumuladas por la literatura, tanto en estudios con animales como humanos, evidencian el papel fundamental desempeñado por las estructuras del tallo encefálico en la fisiopatología de la muerte súbita inesperada en epilepsia.


ABSTRACT Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy is defined as the sudden death-whether witnessed or not-of people with epilepsy, not traumatic or due to drowning, with or without evidence of seizures, and in whom postmortem examination does not reveal a structural or toxicological cause of death. The aim of this review is to describe the most recent evidence published in the literature, on the crucial involvement of the brain stem in the pathophysiology of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. A bibliographic search was conducted in PubMed computerized database. Studies in animal models have shown that the mechanisms of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy involve a first seizure-mediated event, followed by cortical depolarization, which spreads to the brainstem and results in autonomic dysfunction causing central apnea, pulmonary edema or cardiac arrhythmia. Studies in humans have relied on magnetic resonance imaging to assess the role of the brainstem in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. The evidence accumulated in the literature, both in animal and in human studies, shows the role played by brainstem structures in the pathophysiology of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy.

2.
J. coloproctol. (Rio J., Impr.) ; 40(2): 112-119, Apr.-Jun. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1134966

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose Standard of care for locally advanced rectal cancer is neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery. This study identified predictive factors for tumour response in our series. Patients and methods Between January 2005 and December 2018, 292 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer treated by preoperative chemo-radiation before surgery were retrospectively analyzed. The radiation dose was 50.4 Gy with fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy regimens. Patients-tumour and treatment-factors were tested for influence on tumour down staging and regression grade using Mandard scoring system on surgical specimens (TRG). Results Median age was 69 years (range 39-87); 33.9% of patients was Stage II and 54.5% Stage IIIB. Tumour down staging occurred in 211 patients (73%), including 63 patients (21.6%) with ypT0 (documented T0 at surgery) and 148 patients (50.7%) with a satisfactory tumour regression grade defined as TRG2­3. Upper rectal tumours were identified to predictive factors for pathologic complete response by univariate analysis (p = 0.002). TRG1­3 was associated with intervals from chemo-radiation to surgery (p = 0.004); TRG1­3 rates were higher with longer intervals: 1.71% in ≤ 5 weeks, 23.63% in 6-8 weeks and 46.9% in ≥ 9 weeks; and PTV 50.4 ≥ 800cc (p = 0.06); 3 and 5 years survivals were 85% and 90% for the group as a whole. Among ypT0 cases, the overall survival was 91.1% without significantly different (p = 0.25) compared with the remaining group, 87.2%. Among ypT0 cases, the relapse-free survival was 94.5%, with significantly different (p = 0.03) compared with the remaining group 78.2%. There were no treatment-associated fatalities. Thirty-two patients (10.96%) experienced Grade III/IV toxicities (proctitis, ephitelitis and neutropenia). Conclusions Tumour localization was identified as predictive factors of pathologic complete response for locally advanced rectal cancer treated with preoperative chemo-radiation. Upper rectal tumours are more likely to develop complete responses. Delay in surgery was identified as a favorable predictive factor for TRG1­3. The relapse-free survival in pathologic complete response group was higher compared with non-pathologic complete response.


RESUMO Objetivo O tratamento padrão para o câncer retal localmente avançado é a quimiorradioterapia neoadjuvante, seguida de cirurgia. Este estudo identificou fatores preditivos de resposta tumoral em nossa série. Pacientes e métodos Entre janeiro de 2005 e dezembro de 2018, 292 pacientes com câncer retal localmente avançado, tratados com quimiorradiação pré-operatória, foram retrospectivamente analisados. O tratamento quimioterápico foi à base de fluoropirimidina e a dose de radiação foi de 50,4 Gy. Os tumores dos pacientes e os fatores do tratamento foram testados quanto à influência no estadiamento do tumor e no grau de regressão usando o sistema de classificação de Mandard em espécimes cirúrgicos (TRG). Resultados A mediana das idades foi 69 anos (variação de 39 a 87); 33,9% dos pacientes estavam no estágio II e 54,5% no estágio IIIB. O estadiamento do tumor ocorreu em 211 pacientes (73%), incluindo 63 pacientes (21,6%) com ypT0 (T0 documentado na cirurgia) e 148 pacientes (50,7%) com grau satisfatório de regressão do tumor, definido como TRG1­3. Os tumores retais superiores foram identificados como fatores preditivos de resposta patológica completa por análise univariada p = 0,002. TRG1­3 foi associado aos intervalos entre a quimioterapia e a cirurgia p = 0,004; As taxas de TRG1­3 foram maiores com intervalos mais longos: 1,71% em ≤ 5 semanas, 23,63% em 6-8 semanas e 46,9% em ≥ 9 semanas; e PTV 50,4 ≥ 800cc (p = 0,06); as sobrevidas de 3 e 5 anos foram de 85% e 90% para o grupo em geral. Entre os casos de ypT0, a sobrevida global foi de 91,1%, sem diferença significativa (p = 0,25) na comparação com o grupo restante (87,2%). Entre os casos de ypT0, a sobrevida livre de recidiva foi de 94,5%, com diferença significativa (p = 0,03) na comparação com o grupo restante (78,2%). Não houve fatalidades associadas ao tratamento. Trinta e dois pacientes (10,96%) apresentaram toxicidade de grau III/IV (proctite, efitelite e neutropenia). Conclusões A localização do tumor foi identificada como fator preditivo de resposta patológica completa para o câncer retal localmente avançado tratado com quimiorradiação pré-operatória. Os tumores retais superiores têm mais probabilidade de desenvolver respostas completas. O atraso da cirurgia foi identificado como um fator preditivo favorável para o TRG1­3. A sobrevida livre de recidiva no grupo com resposta patológica completa à quimiorradioterapia pré-operatória foi maior comparado ao grupo com resposta patológica incompleta.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy , Neoadjuvant Therapy , Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant , Rectal Neoplasms , Treatment Outcome
3.
Rev. cuba. salud pública ; 45(1)ene.-mar. 2019.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-991131

ABSTRACT

La ética médica aborda, entre otros aspectos, la relación médico-paciente, de la cual se deriva el término consentimiento informado como su máxima expresión. La epilepsia afecta al 1-2 por ciento de la población mundial, y en la búsqueda de soluciones a esta enfermedad los sujetos son involucrados en diferentes tipos de estudios. En el presente trabajo se realiza una breve revisión de algunos aspectos éticos relacionados con la aprobación dada por los pacientes que padecen epilepsia o su representante legal para participar en estudios que presuponen la realización de exámenes diagnósticos y el empleo de formas novedosas de tratamiento, lo que se materializa a través del consentimiento informado. Especialmente, se hace referencia a la participación de los pacientes en ensayos clínicos y el manejo de las pacientes que quedan embarazadas en el transcurso del ensayo clínico, los efectos adversos de la medicación y de la cirugía de epilepsia(AU)


Medical Ethics addresses, among other aspects, the doctor-patient relationship from which the term informed consent is derived as its maximum expression. Epilepsy affects 1-2 percent of the world population, and in the search for solutions to this disease the subjects are involved in different types of studies. In the present paper, a brief review of some ethical aspects related to the approval given by patients suffering from epilepsy or their legal representative to participate in studies that presuppose the performance of diagnostic tests and the use of novel forms of treatment. This is materialized through informed consent. Especially, there is a reference to the participation of patients in clinical trials, and the management of patients who become pregnant during the clinical trial, the adverse effects of medication, and epilepsy surgery(AU)


Subject(s)
Epilepsy/surgery , Epilepsy/drug therapy , Informed Consent/psychology , Informed Consent/ethics
4.
Medisur ; 12(6): 873-880, dic. 2014.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-760315

ABSTRACT

Fundamento: al revisar la literatura relacionada con epilepsia del lóbulo temporal medial intratable, se aprecia cierta divergencia en cuanto a los factores que pueden estar incidiendo en las quejas de memoria de los pacientes con dicha enfermedad.Objetivo: identificar la relación entre algunas manifestaciones de la afectividad y la memoria subjetiva en pacientes con epilepsia del lóbulo temporal medial intratable. Métodos: estudio de serie de casos, con 32 pacientes, entre 15 y 60 años atendidos en el Centro Internacional de Restauración Neurológica, entre enero de 2008 y septiembre de 2011. Se aplicó el inventario de ansiedad rasgo-estado, el inventario de depresión rasgo-estado y el cuestionario de eficiencia de memoria. Las variables estudiadas fueron la ansiedad, la depresión y la memoria subjetiva. Para el procesamiento de los datos obtenidos, se empleó la estadística descriptiva, así como la correlación de Spearman. Resultados: se apreció un predominio de niveles medios de ansiedad rasgo-estado y de depresión como estado, sin embargo, la depresión como rasgo se comportó en niveles altos. Los pacientes refirieron quejas sobre el funcionamiento de su memoria. Se obtuvo una relación negativa entre la depresión como rasgo y la memoria subjetiva, r=-0,36, p<0,05. Conclusión: se constató la presencia de algunas manifestaciones de la afectividad (ansiedad y depresión), afectación de la memoria subjetiva independientemente de la lateralización de la zona de inicio ictal, así como la relación entre la depresión como rasgo y la memoria subjetiva en los pacientes con epilepsia del lóbulo temporal medial intratable. Normal 0 21 false false false ES-TRAD X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; ...


Background: in the literature related to intractable medial temporal lobe epilepsy, some divergence is observed in terms of the factors that may be leading to memory complaints in patients with this condition. Objective: to identify the relationship between some manifestations of affectivity and subjective memory in patients with intractable medial temporal lobe epilepsy. Methods: a case series study was conducted in 32 patients aged 15 to 60 years treated at the International Center for Neurological Restoration from January 2008 through September 2011. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, State-Trait Depression Inventory and Questionnaire of Memory Efficiency were applied. The variables studied were anxiety, depression and subjective memory. Descriptive statistics and the Spearman correlation were used to process the data. Results: a prevalence of mean levels of state-trait anxiety and state depression was observed; however, trait depression reached high levels. Patients reported complaints about their memory functioning. A negative relationship between trait depression and subjective memory (r = -0.36, p <0.05) was obtained.Conclusion: some manifestations of affectivity (anxiety and depression), subjective memory impairment regardless of the lateralization of the ictal onset zone, and the relationship between trait depression and subjective memory were observed in patients with intractable medial temporal lobe epilepsy.

5.
Rev. cuba. invest. bioméd ; 30(2): 260-270, abr.-jun. 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-615396

ABSTRACT

Se presenta un método simple de lesión del nervio periférico por pinzamiento del nervio ciático, y de evaluación conductual de la lesión y su recuperación empleando la marcha sobre una rejilla metálica. La lesión del ciático dificulta el desplazamiento de los animales sobre este sustrato como lo demuestran el aumento significativo de la latencia de escape hacia la caja de habitación y el incremento de fallos en el apoyo de la pata lesionada. Empleando este método se evaluó el efecto de la administración poslesional del complejo vitamónico Compvit B® y del ácido orótico (un precursor de nucleótidos de pirimidina) sobre la recuperación del nervio dañado. Ambos tratamientos y su combinación, mejoraron significativamente la recuperación del nervio lesionado al ser comparados con controles tratados con solución salina


The paper describes a simple method to injure the peripheral sciatic nerve by clamping, along with a behavioral test to asses the lesion and its recovery using the gait on a metallic grid. Sciatic nerve lesion impairs the displacement of the animals on this surface as demonstrated by the significant increase in the escape latency towards the room cage and the increased number of stance failures with the injured leg. Using this method we assessed the effect of post-injury administration of Compvit B® (vitamin compound) and orotic acid (a pyrimidine-nucleotide precursor) on the recovery of injured nerve. Both treatments and its combination, improved significantly the recovery of injured nerve compared to controls treated with saline solution

6.
Dermatol. pediatr. latinoam. (Impr.) ; 8(2): 27-31, mayo-ago. 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-600314

ABSTRACT

Los teratomas de la región occipitocervical son poco frecuentes y sólo se ha comunicado un pequeño número de casos. Se presenta el caso de un neonato femenino de 48 horas de vida que nace con una tumoración pediculada, eritemato-violácea con aspecto fibroangiomatoide, de aproximadamente 3 cm de diámetro y consistencia duro-elástica, en la región occipito- cervical del cuero cabelludo. El diagnóstico histopatológico fue de teratoma benigno.


Teratomas in the occipitocervical region occur very rarely and only a small number of cases have been reported. We hereby present a case of a 48-hour-old female neonate who was born presenting a pediculated tumor in the occipitocervical region of the scalp. The lesion was an erythemato-purplish tumor of hard-elastic consistency, with a fibroangiomatous-like aspect, of approximately 3 cm in diameter. The histopathologic diagnosis was consistent with a benign teratoma.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant, Newborn , Brain Neoplasms/diagnosis , Teratoma/diagnosis , Scalp , Skull
7.
Rev. cuba. aliment. nutr ; 7(2): 81-5, jul.-dic. 1993. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-158495

ABSTRACT

Se definió la formulación y tecnología de una bebida instantánea de sabor cola con el 16 por ciento de proteínas y el 0,04 por ciento de hierro hemínico. Este producto posee buenas cualidades nutricionales, bacteriológicas y sensoriales. Puede utilizarse como suplemento en el tratamiento de la anemia por deficiencia de hierro


Subject(s)
Food Technology , Food, Fortified , Anemia, Hypochromic/prevention & control , Cattle/blood , Iron/therapeutic use , Swine/blood
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL